Goldhaber model
Goldhaber model หรือแบบจำลองของ Goldhaber (1983) มิได้อธิบายการสื่อสารในรูปของแบบจำลอง แต่ได้อธิบายสรุปเกี่ยวกับการสื่อสารไว้ดังนี้
Communication is the creation and exchange of messages. A message consists of symbols to which a receiver attaches meaning. Messages can be classified according to relationship (dyadic, small group, or public), network (formal or informal), purpose (task, maintenance, human, innovative), receiver (internal or external), language mode (verbal or nonverbal), and diffusion method (hardware or software).
We view communication as a dynamic process which is transactional, personal, and serial. As a transactional process, communication involves the simultaneous and mutual sending and receiving of messages. This perspective carries the belief that no communication event is identical, relived, isolated from its environment, or static. As a personal process, communication admits to the uniqueness of people. Because of different nervous systems and environments, our perceptions are different. With differing perceptions, our behavior and interpretation of messages also differ. Thus, at best, communication is an approximate process where the communicators attempt to approach a commonality of understanding. As a serial process, communication involves a step-by-step sequence in which messages are replicated. One or more people send messages to and receive messages from one or more people which are reproduced through one or more channels until they reach their final destination. Because of its serial nature, communication carries with it the possibility of message distortion and change.